Can Congress create statutes on any topic?

The answer is that Congress cannot create statutes on any topic; this reflects an understanding of the limits placed on legislative power by the U.S. Constitution. Congress is granted specific powers enumerated in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, which include the ability to regulate commerce, levy taxes, provide for the common defense, and promote the general welfare, among others. This framework establishes that Congress's legislative authority is not boundless and must derive from constitutional powers.

For example, while Congress can legislate on matters related to interstate commerce or to enforce civil rights, it does not have the authority to enact laws that would infringe upon states' rights or violate individual freedoms outside its jurisdiction as outlined in the Constitution. Therefore, Congress operates within a defined scope and can only legislate on topics for which it has constitutional authority.

The other options suggest either an unrestricted power or conditions that are not accurate to the legislative process as established by the Constitution. The idea that Congress can only legislate on commerce is too narrow, while suggesting that Supreme Court approval is necessary for legislation misrepresents the separation of powers and the legislative process.