In which scenario is a person likely to have no legal duty to act?

The scenario where a person is likely to have no legal duty to act is when someone is observing another person drowning without any prior obligation to help. In general, the law does not impose a legal duty on individuals to assist those in peril unless a specific duty exists due to a relationship or circumstance.

In the context of this situation, unless there is a legal obligation (such as being a lifeguard or having a special relationship with the drowning person), the observer is not required to intervene. This principle is based on the understanding that individuals are not expected to risk their own safety or take on responsibility for others in distress if no legal or moral obligation compels them.

On the other hand, in scenarios where a person has a personal connection with the individual in danger, such as rescuing a friend or assisting someone they know, there may be an expectation, often rooted in social or moral duties, to act. Additionally, in emergencies where a person witnesses someone in immediate danger, like a stranger in a life-threatening situation or someone who is injured, societal norms may encourage individuals to come to their aid, although legal obligations may vary by jurisdiction.