Which of the following entities does NOT have to comply with constitutional protections?

Private businesses are not required to comply with constitutional protections in the same way that government entities are. The U.S. Constitution primarily restricts government actions rather than those of private entities. Private businesses operate under different regulations and laws, including state statutes and federal laws that govern business practices, but they are not held to the constitutional standards which apply to public entities and governmental bodies.

State governments, federal agencies, and public universities are all considered public entities, and as such, they must adhere to the constitutional protections afforded to individuals, such as due process rights and protections against discrimination. In contrast, private businesses do not have the same obligations regarding constitutional protections, as they can set their own policies and practices within the framework of other applicable laws. Thus, the answer highlights the distinction between private entities and public entities in terms of constitutional compliance.